1、 Basic working principle of gas turbine
The working principle of a gas engine, especially an internal combustion engine, usually includes four basic processes: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. These four processes are carried out continuously in one or more cylinders, forming a working cycle. During the intake process, air (or a mixture of air and fuel) is introduced into the cylinder. During the compression process, the piston moves upwards, compressing the gas to a smaller volume, thereby increasing its temperature and pressure. During the combustion process, the fuel is ignited, releasing a large amount of heat energy and producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas. These gases push the piston downwards, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate and converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. Finally, during the exhaust process, the exhaust gas is expelled from the cylinder.
2、 Composition of gas turbine system
The gas turbine system consists of multiple subsystems, each of which plays a crucial role. Here are some of the main subsystems:
Air intake system: responsible for introducing air into the combustion engine. In gas turbines, the intake system also includes the functions of filtering, silencing, and guiding the air entering the unit to the inlet of the compressor. It usually consists of an intake rainproof fog screen, a filter, an air filter backwash pipeline, etc.
Fuel system: provides fuel to the combustion chamber. This can include liquid fuel systems (such as fuel systems) and gas fuel systems (such as natural gas systems). In gas turbines, the fuel system also includes functions such as fuel supply, metering, and control.
Ignition system: Ignite the mixture of fuel and air at the appropriate time. In gasoline engines, this is usually achieved through spark plugs; In diesel engines, it is achieved through high-pressure fuel injectors.
Cooling system: used to cool various components of the gas turbine to prevent overheating and damage. This can include water cooling systems and air cooling systems.
Lubrication system: Provides lubricating oil to various moving parts of the gas turbine to reduce friction and wear. This includes the lubricating oil system and control oil system, etc.
Exhaust system: responsible for discharging exhaust gas from the combustion engine. In gas turbines, the exhaust system also includes functions such as exhaust gas treatment and emission control.
Control and monitoring system: used to monitor the operating status of the gas turbine, control its operating parameters, and diagnose faults. This includes sensors, controllers, and actuators, among others.
3、 Application of gas turbine system
Gas turbine systems are widely used in various fields, such as power generation, transportation (automobiles, airplanes, ships, etc.), industrial power, etc. Different types of gas turbine systems have different characteristics and advantages, suitable for different application scenarios.
In summary, the gas turbine system is a complex and multifunctional combination that drives various equipment and machinery by converting the thermal energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical energy. Understanding the basic working principles, composition, and applications of gas turbine systems is crucial for ensuring their efficient, reliable, and safe operation.